![]() 2 This allows the fungus to stay on the skin without being sloughed off prior to invasion of the skin. rubrum, have immune-inhibitory properties. Mannans in the cell walls of some dermatophytes, such as T. ![]() wrestling and marital arts), hyperhidrosis, low β-defensin 4 levels, immunodeficiency, diabetes mellitus, genetic predisposition (in particular, tinea imbricata), xerosis, and ichthyosis. tinea capitis, tinea pedis, tinea cruris, and tinea unguium), concurrent affected family members, pets in the home, crowding in home, recreational exposure (e.g. 1, 52 Predisposing factors include personal history of dermatophytosis (e.g. 52 Transmission of the fungus is facilitated by a moist, warm environment, sharing of towels and clothing, and wearing of occlusive clothing. 15, 48, 51 Autoinfection by dermatophytes elsewhere in the body may also occur. 49, 50 Transmission among household family members is by far the most common route children often become infected by spores shed by an infected household family member. tinea capitis, tinea pedis, onychomycosis). ![]() 46– 48 Infection may be acquired as a result of spread from another site of dermatophyte infection (e.g. 1 Humans may become infected through close contact with an infected individual, an infected animal (in particular, domestic dog or cat), contaminated fomites, or contaminated soil. 18, 43, 44 Rare cases have been reported in the newborn period. 6 Tinea corporis occurs most frequently in post-pubertal children and young adults. 42 The lifetime risk of acquiring tinea corporis is estimated to be 10–20%. 41 While tinea corporis occurs worldwide, it is most commonly observed in tropical regions. Tinea corporis is the most common dermatophytosis. The information retrieved from the above search was used in the compilation of the present article. The search was restricted to the English language. A PubMed search was performed with Clinical Queries using the key term ‘tinea corporis.’ The search strategy included clinical trials, meta-analyses, randomized controlled trials, observational studies, and reviews. The purpose of this article was to provide a narrative updated review on the evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment of tinea corporis. 4, 5 Because tinea corporis is common and many other annular lesions can mimic this fungal infection, physicians must familiarize themselves with its etiology and its treatment. 1– 3 Dermatophytes are grouped as either anthropophilic, zoophilic, or geophilic, depending on whether their primary source is human, animal, or soil, respectively. 1 Tinea corporis is most commonly caused by dermatophytes belonging to one of the three genera, namely, Trichophyton (which causes infections on skin, hair, and nails), Microsporum (which causes infections on skin and hair), and Epidermophyton (which causes infections on skin and nails). Tinea corporis, also known as ‘ringworm,’ is a superficial dermatophyte infection of the skin, other than on the hands (tinea manuum), feet (tinea pedis), scalp (tinea capitis), bearded areas (tinea barbae), face (tinea faciei), groin (tinea cruris), and nails (onychomycosis or tinea unguium). Systemic antifungal treatment is indicated if the lesion is multiple, extensive, deep, recurrent, chronic, or unresponsive to topical antifungal treatment, or if the patient is immunodeficient. The standard treatment of tinea corporis is with topical antifungals. Fungal culture is the gold standard to diagnose dermatophytosis especially if the diagnosis is in doubt and results of other tests are inconclusive or the infection is widespread, severe, or resistant to treatment. If necessary, the diagnosis can be confirmed by microscopic examination of potassium hydroxide wet-mount preparations of skin scrapings from the active border of the lesion. Dermoscopy is a useful and non-invasive diagnostic tool. The diagnosis is often clinical but can be difficult with prior use of medications, such as calcineurin inhibitors or corticosteroids. Tinea corporis typically presents as a well-demarcated, sharply circumscribed, oval or circular, mildly erythematous, scaly patch or plaque with a raised leading edge.
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